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Sardonic comedias Billy Wilder |
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The rrival of Television.
Inventor Philo T.Farnsworth in 1930. RCA, which had been moving toward the development of just such a system for severals years through the work of the Russian scientist Vladimir K.Zvorukin, attempted first to uy patents for a period of ten years. Formally introduced to the public in 1939, television was a success. RCA began marketing receives for regularly schedule daily broadcasts (about 15 hours per week)via its NBS subsidiary.CBS began telecasting too. There was 1,000 000 TV sets in 1949, and 50,000 000 in 1959.
Much that characterized Hollywood between 1952 and 1965 can be understud as a anticommunist hysteria and the blacklist (even Charlie Chaplin had a problems and reemmigrated) on the one hand and to the advent of television on the other. In the name of combating communisn, films directly critical of American institutions, such as "problem pictures" and semidocumentary melodramas so popular in the postwar years.Westerns, musical comedies and etc. become the order of the day.
Cinerama - only a 100 cities all over the world were eguipped to show Cinerama films.But Cinerama was the catalyst that started the widescreen revolution.
WIDESCREEN AND BLOCKBUSTER PIONEERS
In Hollywood, the emergence of a widescreen aesthetic was delayed by the sudden proliferation of a venerable film type known as the "blockbuster".A term traditionally used in Hollywood to designate any large -scale, big budget production.The term means a film that earns more than $ 100 million. The blockbuster craze started in 1956 when King Vidor''s War the Peace, Michael Anderson''s Around the World in 80 Days, and C.B.DeMille''s The Ten Commandments were realizad with full stereophonic sound.Other major blockbusters:
1958 -South Pacific (Joshua Logan)
1959 - Ben-Hur (William Wyler)
1960 - Spartacus (Stenly kubrick)
1960 - Exodis (Otto Preminger)
1962 - Mutiny on the Bounty (Lewis Milestone)
1962 - Lawrence of Arabia (David Lean)
1963 - 55 Days at Peking (Nichilas Ray)
1963 - Cleopatra (Joseph L.Mankiewicz)
1965 - The Sound of Music (Robert Wise)
1965 -n Dr.Zhivago (David Lean)
Directors (Directors Guildy): Otto Preminger, George Cukor, William Wellman, Elia Kazan, Nichilas Ray, Douglas Sirk, Robert Aldrich, John Histon, Anthony Mann, Stanley Donen, Richard Fleischer, Albert Hichcock,Robert Aldrich, John Huston, Budd Boetticher, Anthony Mann, Stanley donen, Vincente Minnelli, Fred Zinneman, Raoul Walsh, George Stevens (his melodramatic rendition of Theodore Dreiser''s novel "An American Tragedy" 1925), Stanley Kramer (social commentary), Richard Brooks (specialized in literary adaptations), Jules Dassin (socially committed film noir).
1950 GENRES:
The Musical - medium bujet films, sophistication and color with a speach, virtually killed the form as it had since 1930s: MGM producer Arthur Freed,Vincente Minnelli, Stanley Donen, Charles Walters, Gene Kelly, Fred Astaire, Judy Garland, June Allyson, Cyd Charisse
1944 - Meet Me in St.Louis (Minnelli)
1945 - Yolanda and the Thief (Minnelli)
1948 - The Pirate (Minnelli)
1948 - Easter Parade (Walters)
1949 - oN THE tOWN (kELLY/dONEN)
1951 - An American in Paris (Minnelli)
1952 - Singing in the Rein (Kelly/Donen)
1954 - Brigadon (Minnelli)
1955 - It''s Always Fair Weather (Kelly/Donen)
1956 - Invitation to the Dance (Kelly)
1953 - The Band Wagon (Minnelli)
1955 - Kismet (Minnelli)
1958 -Gigi (Minnelli)
and Broadway vehicles
1955 Oklahoma! (Fred Zimmerman)
1955 -Guys and Dolls (Joseph L.Mankiewicz)
1956 - The King and I (Walter Lang)
1958 - South Pacific (Josua Logan)
1962 - West Side Story (Robert Wise)
1962 - The Music Man (Morton da Costa)
1963 - Gypsy (Mervyn LeRoy)
1964 - My Fair Lady (Georg Cukor)
1965 - The Sound of Music (20th Cenrury-Fox, Robert Wise), big-budget supermusical, which grossed more money before the era Star Wars (George Lucas, 1977), subsequently known as "The Sound of Money".
1967 - Camelot (Joshua Logan)
1968 - Star!(Robert Wise)
1968 - Dr.Doolittle (Richard Fleischer)
1969 - Goodbye, Mr.Chips (Herbert Rose)
1969 - Oliver! (Carol Reed)
1969 - Hello, Dolly! (Gene Kelly)
1972 - Cabaret (with realisn and serios matter - Bob Fosse)
1979 - All That Jazz Bob Fosse)
1979 - Hair (Milos Forman)
1981 - Pennies from Heven (Herbert Ross)
mid 1980s -MTV-inspirit musicals as Flashdance (Adrian Lune, 1983) and Footloose (Herbert Ross, 1984)
COMEDY was the another big-bujet wide screen genre in the TV and McCarthy-Cold War Era. It were progressed comedias different cycles, mosty sexiness, cynical, sardonic trillers,about gangsters and all-girls, sparkling romantic comedies,dark parody,social satire, social commentary, less verbal films. Dean Martin and Jerry Lewis made films together.
(1950 - Born Yesterday (George Cukor)
1950 - Father of the Bride (Minnnelli)
1951 - Father''s Little Divident (Minnelli)
1952 - Son of Palefase (Bob Hope)
1953 - How to Marry a Millionere (Jean Nuqulesko)
1954 - It Shoulg Happen tho You (George Cukor)
1954 -Phffft (Mark Rosbon)
1954 - Cazanova''s big Night ((Norman Z.McLeod)
1954 - The Long, Long Trailer (Minnelli)
1956 - The Court Jester (Danny Kaye)
1956 - Hight Society (Charles Walters)
1957 - The Delicate Delinquet (Don MacGuire)
1958 - Rock-a-Bye Baby (Tashlin)
1958 - The Geisha Boy (Tashlin)
1959 - A Hole in the Head (Frank Capra)
1960 - The Bellboy
1960 - Bells are Ringing (Minnelli)
1961 - The Errrand boy
1963 - The Nutty Professor
1963 - Under the Yum-Yum Three (David Swift)
1963 - Dr.Strangelove (Stenley Kubric)
1964 - The Patsy
1965 - The Family Jewels
1968 -The Producer (Mel Brooks)
1969 - Take me Money and Run (Woody Allen)
1970 - M*A*S*H (Robert Altman)
1971 - Bananas (Woody Allen)
1972 - Play It Again, Sam (Woody Allen)
1972 - Everything You Always Wanted to Know about Sex, but Were Afraid to Ask (Woody Allen)
1973 - Sleeper (Woody Allen)
1973 - Blazing Saddle (Mel Brooks)
1974 -Yound Frankenshtein (Mel Brooks)
1975 - Love and Death (Woody Allen)
1976 - Silent Movie (Mel Brooks)
1977 - Annie Hall (Woody Allen)
1977 - High Anxiety (Mel Brooks)
1978 - Interiors (Woody Allen)
1979 - Manhattan(Woody Allen)
1980 - Stardust Memories (Woody Allen)
1981 - History of the World Part 1 (Mel Brooks)
1982 - A Midsummer Night''s Sex Comedy (Woody Allen)
1985 - The Purple Rose of Cairo (Woody Allen)
1986 - Hanna and Her Sisters (Woody Allen)
1987 - September (Woody Allen)
1987 - Radio Days (Woody Allen)
1987 - Space Ball (Mel Brooks)
1988 - Another Woman (Woody Allen)
1989 -Crimes and Misdemeanors (Woody Allen)
1991 - Alice (Woody Allen)
1991 - Life Stinks (Mel Brooks)
1992 - Husbands ans Wives (Woody Allen)
1993 - Manhattan Murder Mystery
1994- Bullets over Broadway (Woody Allen)
and etc.
Woody Allen create self-reflexive medotations with special photographic effects., narcisstic films
The dark Genius and the father of filn-noir , the German emigre director Billy Wilder (1906-2002):
1951 - The Big Carnival
1953 - Stalag 17
1954 - Sabrina
1955 - The Seven Year Itch
1957 - The Spirit of St.Louis
1958 - Witness of the Prosecution
1959 - Some like it Hot
1960 - The Apartment (about battle of the sexes)
1961 - One, Two, Three (satirized the Cold War and American Imperialism)
1963 - Irma La Donse
1964 - Kiss Me, Stupid (sex coledy a la Lubitsch)
1966 - Fortune Cookie
1969 - The Private Life of Sherlock Holmes (Victorian Detactive)
THE WESTERNS
THE GANGSTER FILM AND THE ANTICOMMUNIST FILM
Domestic-espionage film during the war - film noir -"dark" crime films, American''s social alls: murder, gambling,prostitution, narcoticsand labor racketeerien, paranoia notwithstanding, mafia.
1946 -The Killer (Robert Siodmak)
1947 - I Walk Alone (Byron Haskin) and etc.
1951 -The Enforcer (Bretaigne Windust)
1953 - The Big Heart (Fritz Lang)
1954 - On the Waterfront (Elia Kazan)
1954 - New York Confidential (Russel Rouse)
1955 - The Big Combo (Josef Lewis)
1955 - The Phoenix City Story (Phol Karison)
1960 -Underworld U.S.A (Samuel Fuller)
The syndicate Cycle:
1968 - The Brotherhood (Martin Ritt)
1971 - The French Connection (William Friedkin)
1971 - Honor The father (John Frankenheimer)
1972 - The Valachi Papers (Terence Young)
Biography:
1957 - Baby Face Nelson (Don Siegel)
1958 -m The Bonnie Parker story (William Witney)
1959 - El Capone Richard Wilson)and etc.
"anti Red" action film, the Communist-as-gangster syndicate film (more then 50 produced between 1948-55) in ritual self-abasement before NUAC:
1947 -The Red Danube 9George Sidney)
1948 -The Iron Curtain (William Wellman)
1948-Walk a Crooked Mile (Gourdon Douglas)
1949- The Red Menace 9R.G.Spreengsteen)
1950 - The Asphalt Jungle (John Huston)
1950 -I Married a Communist (Robert Stevenson)
1951 - The Whip Hand (William cameron)
1951 - I Was a Communist for the FBI (Gordon Douglas)
1952 - Diplomatic Courier (henry hathaway)
1952 - The Steel Fist (Wesley barry)
1952 - Assignment-Paris (Robert Parrish)
1952 - The Thief (Russell rouse)
1952 - The Athomic City (Jerry Hopper)
1952 - Walk East on Beacon (Alfred L. Werker)
1953 -Man on a Tightrope (Elia Kazan)
1953 - Never Let Me Go 9Delmer daves)
1953 - Big Jim McClain (Edvard Ludwig)
1953 - Pickup on South Street (Samuel Fuller)
1955- Rififi (Jules dassin)
1955 - A Bullet for Joey (Lewis Allan)
1956 - The Killing (Stenly Kubrick)
1957 - The Girl in the Kremlin (Russell Burdwell)
1959 - The FBI Story (Mervyn LeRoy)
1960 - The Leaque of gentelmen (Basil Dearden)
1964 - Topkari (Jules dassin)
1966 - Where Bullets Fly (John Gilling)
1966 - The Silencers (Phil Karlson)
1966 - Murder,s Row (Henry Levin)
1967 - In Like Flint (Gordon Douglas)
1967 - Grand Slam (Giuliano Montaldo)
1968 - They came to Robe Las Vegas (Antonio Isasi)
1960 -1969 the central impuls of the anticommunist films were espionage trillers (series) about the James Bond (which were adopted from novels of British writer Ian Fleming and produced by Albert R. Broccoli and Harry Saltzman''s London -based Eon Productions for dictribution be United Artists (the conspirators and the superhero, "licensed to kill").
TV espionage series:
1964-68 - The Man from U.N.C.L.E
1965-66 -Secret Agent
1965-68 -I Spy
1966-73 - Mission:Inpossible
Gangster-as-international conspirator versus gangster-as-government agent in espionage trillers.
CIENCE FICTION - low bujet films made mostly by Allied Artists, Monogram Production for teenagers
THE "SMALL FILM": AMERICAN KAMMERSPIEL - low bujet films for TV.
INDEPENDENT PRODUCTION AND THE DECLINE OF THE STUDIO SYSTEM
Independent production outside of the studio: Robert Aldrich, Alexander Mackendrich, Stanely Kubruck, Stanley Kramer... - Director Guild in L.A. The old studio system sold own theaters. In other words, by the mid-1960s, 80% of all American films were made outside the studio system.