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The Jewish presence in Germany

Scientific figures (continue): Leonard Mandel, quantum optics, Albert Michelson, measured speed of light, Nobel Prize (1907), Sir Rudolf Peierls, solid state theory, Arno Penzias, co-discoverer of CMB, Nobel Prize (1978), Ernst Pringsheim , Karl Schwarzschild, physicist & astronomer, Jack Steinberger, particle physics, Nobel Prize (1988), Otto Stern, experimental physicist, Nobel Prize (1943), Adolf von Baeyer, industrial chemist, Nobel Prize (1905) (Jewish mother),Heinrich Caro, industrial chemist, Nikodem Caro, industrial chemist, Arthur Eichengrün, possible inventor of aspirin, Adolph Frank, industrial chemist, Hans Goldschmidt, industrial chemist, Fritz Haber, developed the Haber process, Nobel Prize (1918), Heinrich Meibom, Viktor Meyer, organic chemist , Leonor Michaelis, biochemist, Ludwig Mond, chemist & industrialist, John Polanyi, chemist, Nobel Prize (1986) (Jewish father), Rudolf Schoenheimer, biochemist, Otto Wallach, chemist, Nobel Prize (1910), Richard Willstätter, chemist, Nobel Prize (1915), Konrad Bloch, biochemist, Nobel Prize (1964), Sir Ernst Chain, developed penicillin, Nobel Prize (1945), Ferdinand Cohn, pioneer in microbiology, Paul Ehrlich, developed magic bullet concept, Nobel Prize (1908), Heinz Fraenkel-Conrat, biochemist, Ernst Gräfenberg, obstetrician, the G-Spot , Joseph Jadassohn, Sir Bernard Katz, biophysicist, Nobel Prize (1970), Hans Kosterlitz, discovered endorphins, Sir Hans Adolf Krebs, biochemist, Nobel Prize (1953), Jacques Loeb, physiologist, Otto Loewi, pharmacologist, Nobel Prize (1936), Fritz Lipmann, biochemist, Nobel Prize (1953), Otto Meyerhof, biochemist, Nobel Prize (1922), Oskar Minkowski, physiologist, Nathanael Pringsheim, Albert Schatz, biochemist, streptomycin , Otto Warburg, physiologist, Nobel Prize (1931) (Jewish father),  Felix Bernstein, set theory, Richard Brauer, modular representation theory, Georg Cantor, set theory (Jewish father), Moritz Cantor, historian of mathematics, Richard Courant, mathematical analysis & applied mathematics, Max Dehn, topology, Adolf Fraenkel, set theory, Hans Freudenthal, algebraic topology, Alexander Grothendieck, algebraic geometry, Fields Medal (1966) (Jewish father), Felix Hausdorff, topology, Heinz Hopf, topology (Jewish father), Adolf Hurwitz, mathematician, Carl Gustav Jakob Jacobi, analysis, Leopold Kronecker, number theory, Edmund Landau, number theory, Rudolf Lipschitz, mathematician, Hermann Minkowski, geometrical theory of numbers, Emmy Noether, algebra & theoretical physics, Richard Rado, combinatorics, Abraham Robinson, nonstandard analysis, Klaus Roth, diophantine approximation, Fields Medal (1958), Arthur Moritz Schönflies, mathematician, Issai Schur, mathematician, Otto Toeplitz, linear algebra & functional analysis, Karl Abraham, psychoanalyst, Rudolf Arnheim, perception theorist, Erik Erikson, developmental psychologist (Jewish mother), Erich Fromm, psychologist & humanistic philosopher, Frieda Fromm-Reichmann, psychoanalyst, Kurt Goldstein, Gestalt-influenced neurologist, Kurt Koffka, Gestalt psychologist, Kurt Lewin, social psychologist, Hugo Münsterberg, industrial psychologist, Ulric Neisser, cognitive psychologist (Jewish father), Erich Neumann, analytical psychologist, Fritz Perls, psychotherapist, William Stern, the Intelligence Quotient, Max Wertheimer, Gestalt psychologist, Ernst Bloch, philosopher, Constantin Brunner, philosopher, Ernst Cassirer, philosopher, Hermann Cohen, philosopher,Kurt Grelling, philosopher, Max Horkheimer, philosopher & sociologist , Hans Jonas, philosopher, Leo Loewenthal philosopher ,Salomon Maimon, Fritz Mauthner, author & philosopher , Georg Misch, Leonard Nelson, philosopher , Hans Reichenbach, philosopher (Jewish father),Eugen Rosenstock-Huessy , Max Scheler, philosopher (Jewish mother), Theodor Adorno, sociologist (Jewish father), Hannah Arendt, political theorist, Reinhard Bendix, sociologist, Eduard Bernstein, founder of evolutionary socialism , Franz Boas, cultural anthropologist, Lewis A. Coser, sociologist , Norbert Elias, sociologist, Amitai Etzioni, sociologist, Ernst Fraenkel, political scientist, Peter Gay, history (born Peter Froehlich), Moses Hess, socialist, Siegfried Kracauer, sociologist & film critic, Ludwig Lachmann, economist, Karl Mannheim, sociologist, Herbert Marcuse, sociologist, New Left figurehead, Karl Marx, founder of communism (Jewish parents converted to Protestantism before Karl's birth), Oskar Morgenstern, economist, George Mosse, historian, Franz Neumann, legal theorist, Franz Oppenheimer, sociologist & economist, Friedrich Pollock, economist & sociologist, Reinhard Selten, economist, Nobel Prize (1994) (Jewish father), Georg Simmel, sociologist, Hugo Sinzheimer, Saul Friedlaender, historian, Franz Weidenreich, physical anthropologist, Louis Wirth, sociologist,Michael Wolffsohn, historian,  Joseph Derenbourg, orientalist, Theodor Benfey, linguist, Walter Benjamin, literary critic & philosopher, Basil Bernstein, linguist, Julius Fürst, orientalist, Theodor Goldstücker, Victor Klemperer, linguist & diarist, Marcel Reich-Ranicki, literary critic, Edward Sapir, anthropologist-linguist, Heymann Steinthal, linguist

     Levi Strauss, clothing manufacturer

          Franz Kafka, novelist, Prague

 

Politicans: Daniel Cohn-Bendit, member of European Parliament, student leader in 1968, Klaus Gysi, communist politician (Jewish father), Rudolf Hilferding, finance minister of the Weimar Republic, Henry Kissinger, US Secretary of State, Nobel Prize (1973), Ferdinand Lassalle, founder of first German worker's party, Eduard Lasker, co-founder of the National Liberal Party, Rosa Luxemburg, co-founder of the KPD, Hugo Preuss, author of Weimar constitution, Walter Rathenau, foreign minister of the Weimar Republic, Gabriel Riesser, deputy speaker of Frankfurt Assembly in 1848, first Jewish judge in Hamburg, Jeanette Wolff, West Berlin politician

See also

• History of the Jews in Germany
• List of Jews
• List of Germans

Jews have lived in France since Roman times, and since the French Revolution (and emancipation) have contributed to all aspects of French culture and society. A significant number perished in the Holocaust, deported to Nazi death camps by the French Vichy government. After the war, France served as a haven for Jewish refugees, and an influx of immigration (mostly of Sephardi Jews from North Africa) saw the Jewish population triple to around 600,000, making it the largest Jewish community in Western Europe at the present time.

Activists: René Cassin, drafted Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Nobel Peace Prize (1968), Daniel Cohn-Bendit, student leader and Green MEP, Alain Geismar, student leader, Alain Krivine, student leader and Trotskyist MEP

Social scientists: Raymond Aron, sociologist, Jacques Attali, economist, writer , Julien Benda, philosopher & novelist, Émile Benveniste, linguist, Henri Bergson, philosopher, Nobel Prize (1927), Marc Bloch, historian & Resistance leader, Léon Brunschvicg, philosopher, Hélène Cixous, feminist critic, Hartwig Derenbourg, arabian linguist. osn of Joseph Derenbourg, Jacques Derrida, philosopher, Émile Durkheim, sociologist, Alain Finkielkraut, essayist, André Glucksman, philosopher, Gersonides, philosopher, Georges Gurvitch, sociologist, jurist, Maurice Halbwachs, sociologist, Robert Hertz, sociologist, Bernard-Henri Lévi, philosopher, Claude Lévi-Strauss, anthropologist, Lucien Lévy-Bruhl, philosopher & anthropologist, Emmanuel Levinas, philosopher, Gabriel Marcel, philosopher (Jewish mother), Marcel Mauss, sociologist, Nostradamus, astrologer & seer (family forced to convert to Catholicism), Rashi, religious commentator, Maxime Rodinson, historian, George Steiner, literary critic (French-born), Simone Weil, philosopher & mystic

See also

• History of the Jews in France
• List of French people

 

 

http://conk.com/search/encyclopedia.cgi?q=List_of_British_Jews

The first Jews arrived in Britain with the Romans but it wasn't until the arrival of William the Conqueror in 1066 that organized Jewish communities first appeared. These existed until 1290 when the Jewish population was expelled by Edward I. (Hence plays such as The Jew of Malta and The Merchant of Venice were written when England was essentially devoid of Jews.) Jews were readmitted in 1656 by Oliver Cromwell, and emancipation took place in 1858. In the late 19th century there was mass Jewish immigration from anti-semitic Russia, and the 1930s saw an influx of refugees from Nazism. The Jewish population peaked at 450,000, but has since declined due to low birth rate, intermarriage and emigration. The current population according to the 2001 Census is around 240,000 (though many experts consider this an underestimate), most of whom live in London. The following is a list of some prominent British Jews.

Marc Bolan, member of T. Rex (Jewish father; raised Jewish), Graham Gouldman, Lol Crème & Kevin Godley, members of 10cc, Peter Green, member of Fleetwood Mac,  Ron Mael, Russell Mael, members of Sparks, (British parents),  Manfred Mann, R&B keyboardist, Keith Reid & Matthew Fisher, founding members of Procol Harum, Helen Shapiro, singer, John Weider, member of Eric Burdon & the New Animals, Eric Woolfson, member of The Alan Parsons Project , David Bowie (one of his parents), David Essex (?), David Byron (Uriah Heep) (?), Kate Bush (?).